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内容摘要：TheStyleofDanmakuLanguageByChenJiaqiItructor:RuanQuanyouClass01Grade2016BusinessEnglishSchoolofForeignLanguagesZhongnanUniveityofEconomicsandLawMarch2020ContentsIntroduction11。LiteratureReview22。ResearchDesign32。1ResearchQuestio32。2Methods33。ResearchResults43。1LexicalFeatures43。2SyntacticalFeatures63。3RhetoricalFeatures83。4StyleofDanmaku114。Discussion134。1TheregisterofDanmaku134。2DanmakuandSubculture15Conclusion181。Implicatio182。Limitatio18Bibliography19AbstractDanmakuisacommentarysystemwhichoverliesdirectlyontothevideo。Asanemerginglanguagepracticesinonlinecommunicationitperformsadistinctlinguisticstylethusarousesattentioninlinguisticstudy。ThisstudyaimstoclarifythestyleoflanguageusedinDanmaku。TheresearchperformsatextanalysisoampledDanmakuandexaminesitslexicalsyntacticalandrhetoricalfeaturesandthenconcludesthestyleofDanmaku。Thisstudyfinds:1)Danmakuemployshomophonyjargononthelexicallevel2)Itiscotructedihortsimpleandincompletesentencesonthesyntacticalleveland3)Itemploysrhetoricaldevicesincludingexaggerationironyetc。TheresearchconcludesthatthestyleofDanmakulanguageisconcisecolloquialandinformal。ThisstudyprovidesmoreiightintothestyleofthelanguageusedinDanmaku。KeyWords:DanmakuvideocommentslinguisticsstyleIntroductionDanmakucommentingisarealtimecommentarysystemwhichdisplaysusergeneratedcommentssyncedtoaspecificplaybacktimeoverlaiddirectlyontothevideo(seeFigure1)。ThesecommentsareDanmakuandthevideoswithDanmakuareDanmakuvideos。DanmakucommentingenjoysgreatpopularityinChinainrecentyea。OriginallyitwasdevelopedbyNikoNiko。comaJapanesevideosharingwebsite。Bilibili。comisoneofearliestintroduceofDanmakuandthelargestDanmakuvideosharingwebsiteinChina。Thewebsite’saveragemonthlyactiveusehadreached85。04million78%ofwhomaged1835。Withover120000useendingDanmakuperminuteinaverage2120000DanmakuhavebeengeneratedandviewedonBilibili。comeveryday。Figure1AscreehotofDanmakucommentsinavideoinbilibili。com(https:www。bilibili。combangumiplayep130934)。ThepopularityDanmakuenjoysamongtheyouthhasdrawnattentionfrommanydisciplineschieflyintheschoolofcommunicationandotheintheschoolofcultureandpsychology(Li2019Zhou2019Hu2019Gao2018Chenetal。2016Huang&Zhu2015)。SomescholahaveanalysedthelanguageofDanmakuinrecentyeawithafocusontheorigiphoneticsemanticsyntacticorgrammaticalfeaturesofDanmakuanditstaxonomy(Yan2016Chang2019Li2018)。InrecentyeaowningtotheincreasinglyunivealapplianceofDanmakucommentaryDanmakuhaspresentedanintriguingstylewhichdeservesfurtherresearches。ThisresearchaimstostudythestyleofDanmaku。ItwillstartwiththelexicalsyntacticalandrhetoricalfeaturesandfinallyfocusonthestyleofDanmaku。ThestudywillalsodiscussthecausesofthestylebyemployingHalliday’smodelofregisterandsubculturaltheorieswhichwillofferanewiightintothelinguisticandculturalanalysisofDanmakulanguageandmayaidfuturestudyofDanmaku。LiteratureReviewTheresearchesonDanmakumainlyfocusonthreeaspectsnamely:thetaxonomiesofDanmakuthecodinganddecodingofDanmakuandthelinguisticfeaturesofDanmaku。Theprecedentresearcheshaveprovidedmultipletaxonomies。Fu(2015)givestwotaxonomiesoftheexpressioofDanmaku。FitFuclassifiesDanmakuaccordingtoitsusage。SecondFuclassifiedDanmakuinto3categoriesnamely:DanmakuofpracticeDanmakuofemotionandDanmakuofreferences。AccordingtotherhetoricaldevicesDanmakuadoptsYan(2016)classifiesDanmakuintoDanmakuderivesfromabbreviationhomophoniesreferencesandmetapho。Li(2018)providesacategorisationbasedonmorphologyandcategorisesDanmakuasDanmakucomposedofChineseandDanmakucomposedofnonChinese。ThecodingofDanmakuhasbeenanalysedfromthepepectiveofcognitivelinguisticbyWanginACognitiveApproachtoBulletCurtainLanguageinBilibili(2017)。TostartwithWang(2017)findsDanmakutobecodedinadherencetoiconicprinciples。Wang(2017)alsofindsthatthepropositiometaphormetonymyandsymbolsfourelementsofidealizedcognitivemodel(ICM)havebeenemployedinDanmakucodingandthusdevelopedICMofDanmakucodingaccordingly。ThelinguisticfeaturesofDanmakuareoftenanalysedfrommultipleaspects。Li(2018)hasdonelexicalandsyntacticalanalysisandfindsthatabbreviationandneologiesarecommoninDanmakuinthelexicallevelandthesyntacticstructureofDanmakuisbroadlyinlinewithstandardChinese。Chang(2019)holdsthatconveionofwordclassandvariationofwordorderoccuwithhighfrequencyinDanmakuandthusresultsinutandardizedsyntacticstructure。Chang(2019)thenarguesthelanguageofDanmakurequiresimmediateregulatioinceitisinformalandsometimesinvolvecyberviolence。AstheaboveliteraturereviewsuggeststheprecedentlinguisticresearchonDanmakuhasoffereddifferenttaxonomiesofDanmakuanddetailedanalysisofitslexicalandsyntacticalproperties。FewresearcheshoweverhasexploredthestylisticfeaturesofDanmaku。AdditionallytheeverchanginglanguageofDanmakuhasbeenupdatingtimetotimeandpresentingmorenewemergingcharacteristicswhichcallsforupdatedlinguisticresearches。ResearchDesignTheexaminationofthestyleofDanmakulanguagerequiresananalysisonelementswhichcontributetoastyleincluding:lexissentencesandrhetoricaldevices。Sotheresearchemploysthemethodoftextanalysis。ThisresearchcollectsDanmakufromBilibili。comassamplesasBilibili。comisnowthemostvisitedvideoplatforminChinaandisabletoprovideadequateamountofsamples。ResearchQuestioThisresearchtriestoawerthefollowingtwoquestio:(1)WhatarethelexicalsyntacticalandrhetoricalfeaturesofDanmakulanguage(2)WhatisthestyleofDanmakulanguageMethodsThisresearchemploysthemethodoftextualanalysis。ToundetandthestyleofDanmakutheresearchexaminesDanmakulanguageonlexicalsyntacticalrhetoricalandstylisticslevel。Theresearchincludesthefollowingsteps:SampleselectionanddatacollectionThisresearchselectsDanmakuvideospostedonBilibili。comandcollectstheDanmakuattached。Thevideosamplesinthisstudysatisfyrequirementsthat:(1)tobeviewedforover10000timesand(2)tocontainover500pieceofDanmaku。Thisresearchselects5Danmakuvideosasthesamplesandcollects8734sampledDanmakuonMarch5th2020(seeTable1)。Table1:theamountofDanmakuofDanmakuvideosamplesVideoDV1DV2DV3DV4DV5TotalQuantityofDanmaku2999306196110216928734(2)LexicalanalysisThispartexaminesthelexicalfeaturesofDanmaku。Fittheresearchdescribesthelexicalphenomenaobservedamongthesamples。ThentheresearchanalysesthejargonofDanmakufromtheaspectsoforiginmeaningandusage。(3)SyntacticanalysisThispartanalysesthesyntacticfeaturesofDanmaku。FittheresearchmeasuresthelengthofDanmaku。HereaChinesecharacterLatinletterpunctuationopaceshallaccountonecharacter。SinceinDanmakuspaceisusedaspunctuationsospaceshallberegardasanequivalenceofpunctuation。ThentheresearchanalysesthesentencestructureofDanmaku。(4)RhetoricalanalysisThispartexaminestherhetoricalfeaturesofDanmaku。FittheresearchanalysesthedevicesappliedinDanmakuandthentheliteratureformofDanmakubyexploringtheirorigimeaningsandusage。(5)StylisticsanalysisFinallytheresearchconcludesthestylisticfeaturesofDanmakuviaasummaryofthelexicalsyntacticalandrhetoricalfeaturesobservedintheresearch。ThentheresearchwillelaboratethestyleofDanmaku。ResearchResultsLexicalFeaturesTheresearchfindsthreelexicalphenomenanamely:theuseofhomophonyandsemanticalchangesanddevelopmentofjargon。InadditiontheresearchalsofindsthatthesehomophonouswordswordswithalteativemeaningsandnewwordscreatedbyDanmakusendecomposethejargonusedexclusivelyinDanmakuandbuildaninformalcasualandhumoroussituationofcommunication。UseofHomophonyHomophonyoccufrequentlyiampledDanmaku。Homophonouswordsarewordshavingthesamepronunciationasanotherorothebutdifferentmeaningoriginopelling。Table2demotrate7examplesofhomophonouspaiwhichareclassifiedintotwocategoriesaccordingtotheirorigin。Table2:ExamplesofhomophonyinDanmakuDanmakuOriginusageHomophonyofChinesewords蜜汁[m?i?4?????1](syrup)密之[m?i?4?????1](weird)蜜汁尴尬石锤[????2?????i2](stonehammer)实锤[????2?????i2](confirmed)偷看石锤药丸[jau4wæn2](pill)要完[jau4wæn2](doomed）考试药丸666[l??u4l??u4l??u4](sixsixsix)溜溜溜[l??u4l??u4l??u4](awesome)666666TraliterationofnonChinesewords因翠丝听[in1ts???i4sz??1t????1]Interesting[??ntr?st??]赛高[sai4kau1]最高[saiko?￣](thebest)四国一[sz??4k?o?2i?1]すごい[s???o\i](awesome)ThefitcategoryisDanmakuderivedfromChinesewords。WhenusedinDanmakuthesehomophonouswordsareusuallyequivalenttotheoriginalwordsastheysharethesamemeaningandusage。Forexample蜜汁and密之areapairofhomophony。Thesetwowordssharethesamepronunciation[m?i?4?????1]buttheformeronemea‘syrup’or‘syrupy’andthelattermea‘weird’or‘mysterious’originally。WhenusedinDanmakuthesetwowordsbothmeanweirdormysteriousandareusedasanadjectivetojokeaboutaconfusingscene。Foranexample蜜汁尴尬[m?i?4?????1kæn1ka?4]and密之尴尬[m?i?4?????1kæn1ka?4]bothmea“aweirdamusingandawkwardsituation”inDanmaku。ThesecondcategoryisDanmakuderivedfromnonChinesewords。DanmakuofthiscategoryareChinesetraliterationoftheforeignwords。Thetraliterationusuallyrequiresknowledgeofthetwolanguagestoachievethesameeffectofcommunication。Additionallyone’sfandomortheirdevotiontoforeignworkscanfacilitatetheiruseoftraliteration。Sincethesousewordstendtobecommonexpressiousedinforeig。。。
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